{"id":7724,"date":"2019-12-08T15:07:13","date_gmt":"2019-12-08T15:07:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/uncategorized\/gbv-advocacy-influencers-2019-16daysofactivism\/"},"modified":"2019-12-08T15:07:13","modified_gmt":"2019-12-08T15:07:13","slug":"gbv-advocacy-influencers-2019-16daysofactivism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/gbv-advocacy-influencers-2019-16daysofactivism\/","title":{"rendered":"GBV Advocacy Influencers | 2019 #16DaysOfActivism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sonke Gender Justice:<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Sonke is a South African-based non-profit organisation working throughout Africa. They believe women and men, girls and boys can work together to resist patriarchy, advocate for gender justice and achieve gender transformation.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/genderjustice.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/genderjustice.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/genderjustice.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SonkeGenderJusticeNGO (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SonkeGenderJusticeNGO\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SonkeGenderJusticeNGO<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>SoulCity: <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Using a combination of media, social mobilisation and advocacy, Soul City aims to improve the quality of life and health of young women and girls and the communities they live in through advancing substantive gender equality (equity) based on active citizenship and principles of feminism and social justice.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.soulcity.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.soulcity.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.soulcity.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SoulCitySA (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SoulCitySA\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SoulCitySA<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Thursdays in Black: <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A coalition of people of faith \u2013 individuals, churches and organisations with survivors in the centre, that speak out, stand up, collaborate, share knowledge, challenge paradigms, act and campaign to stop sexual and gender-based violence.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wwsosa.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.wwsosa.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.wwsosa.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ThursdaysBlack\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ThursdaysBlack<\/a> |  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WeWillSpeakOutSA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WeWillSpeakOutSA<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Mosaic <\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>25 Years of empowering women to piece their lives together through training<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Their mission is to train, heal and support women whose lives have been broken by abuse and violence. Their logo, which is symbolic of their mission, \u00a0is made up of small, broken pieces that are put together to build a beautiful MOSAIC <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The National Campaign \u201cStop Gender-Based Violence\u201d is a coalition of civil society organisations aiming to mobilise communities to take a stand against gender-based violence (GBV) and create public and political will to develop and implement a fully-costed, inclusive and multi-sectoral National Strategic Plan on Gender Based Violence in South Africa.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/mosaic.org.za\/main\/advocacy-and-policy-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/mosaic.org.za\/main\/advocacy-and-policy-development (opens in a new tab)\"><strong>https:\/\/mosaic.org.za\/main\/advocacy-and-policy-development<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Mosaicngo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Mosaicngo<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00a0POWA<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>People Opposing Women Abuse is a feminist women&#8217;s rights organisation providing clinical, legal and sheltering services to survivors of domestic violence and rape.\u00a0 It also conducts advocacy, community outreach and media awareness, training and development, and contributes to feminist research and knowledge production.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Their services include:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Psycho-social\/Counselling<\/em><\/li><li><em>Legal (court preparation &amp; support)<\/em><\/li><li><em>Training and Community Awareness<\/em><\/li><li><em>Shelters<\/em><\/li><li><em>Skills Development<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.powa.co.za\/POWA  (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.powa.co.za\/POWA\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.powa.co.za\/POWA<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/powa.berea\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/powa.berea<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00a0Womens Legal Centre<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Women\u2019s Legal Centre is an African feminist legal centre that advances women\u2019s rights and equality through strategic litigation, advocacy and partnerships. We aim to defend and protect the rights of vulnerable and marginalized women, in particular black women, and to promote their access to justice and equitable resources.They seek to advance women\u2019s freedom from violence, improve substantive equality, and advocate for agency in all aspects of their lives \u2010 at home, at work, in the community, and in society at large.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wlce.co.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">www.wlce.co.za<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WLCCapeTown\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/WLCCapeTown<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00a0UN Women<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Partnering with Governments, UN agencies, civil society organizations and other institutions to advocate for ending violence, increase awareness of the causes and consequences of violence and build capacity of partners to prevent and respond to violence, as well as develop dedicated national action plans to prevent and address violence against women, strengthening coordination among diverse actors required for sustained and meaningful action. \u00a0UN Women promote the need for changing norms and behaviour of men and boys, and advocate for gender equality and women\u2019s rights. UN Women supports expanding access to quality multi-sectoral responses for survivors covering safety, shelter, health, justice and other essential services. Policy guidance helps to step up investments in prevention\u2014the most cost-effective, long-term means to stop violence.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/what-we-do\/ending-violence-against-women\/take-action\/16-days-of-activism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/what-we-do\/ending-violence-against-women\/take-action\/16-days-of-activism (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\/what-we-do\/ending-violence-against-women\/take-action\/16-days-of-activism<\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unwomen\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/unwomen<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<strong>Saartjie Baartman Centre for Women and Children.<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The\u00a0SBCWC\u00a0in Manenberg, Cape Town caters to women and children who are survivors of abuse. It acts as a multi-agency service delivery model to manage, treat, and prevent violence against women and children, and includes a 24-hour crisis response; a residential shelter and transitional housing for abused women and their children; legal assistance; and job-skills training bringing together a number of organisations both within government structures and the non-governmental spaces.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.saartjiebaartmancentre.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"http:\/\/www.saartjiebaartmancentre.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">http:\/\/www.saartjiebaartmancentre.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Rape Crisis Centre<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The\u00a0Rape Crisis Centre\u00a0supports the recovery of survivors, seeks justice, and makes change in communities. It also aims to reduce the trauma experienced by survivors and encourage them to report rape, and support communities in challenging high rape rates and flaws in the criminal justice system. It provides survivors with court support, counselling services, and community prevention strategies by creating a culture of respect for women and girls in South Africa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/rapecrisis.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/rapecrisis.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/rapecrisis.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rapecrisiscapetown (opens in a new tab)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rapecrisiscapetown\/\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/rapecrisiscapetown<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nisaa Institute for Women\u2019s Development<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The\u00a0Nisaa Institute for Women\u2019s Development\u00a0is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation, opposed to all forms of oppression, exploitation, and violence against women, focusing on the prevention of gender violence and the empowerment of women who have been abused by their partners. It provides counselling and shelter services, awareness and advocacy, training and developing local, national, regional and international partnerships.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nisaa.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"http:\/\/www.nisaa.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">http:\/\/www.nisaa.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Nisaa-Institute-for-Womens-Development-190749567650032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Nisaa-Institute-for-Womens-Development-190749567650032 (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Nisaa-Institute-for-Womens-Development-190749567650032<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shukumisa<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Shukumisa\u00a0is a coalition made up of NGOs, community-based organisations, research institutions and legal services. Its members work with adults, children, people with disabilities, sex workers, and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender and intersex community. It aims to ensure that South Africa considers the problem of sexual violence seriously, with well-crafted, well-implemented legislation derived from broad-based public participation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/shukumisa.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"http:\/\/shukumisa.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">http:\/\/shukumisa.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media:  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Shukumisa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Shukumisa<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00a0Agisanang Domestic Abuse Prevention and Training (Adapt)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Adapt\u00a0is a non-profit organisation based in Alexandra Township, Johannesburg. It provides counselling to women survivors of sexual violence but also provides community education, conducts research, advocacy and lobbying, and builds community support for women through training of officials within various disciplines for women survivors and vulnerable girl children.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.adapt.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"http:\/\/www.adapt.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">http:\/\/www.adapt.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/104983152947716\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/104983152947716\/<\/a> (Closed Group)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Masimanyane Women\u2019s Rights International<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Masimanyane Women\u2019s Rights International\u00a0is an advocacy and empowerment organisation that works with local, national, and global partners to strengthen women\u2019s rights, reduce HIV\/Aids, and eradicate violence against women. It evolved from the Masimanyane Women\u2019s Support Centre, which was established to address the critical issue of violence against women and now also participates in research, documentation, and advocacy.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.masimanyane.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.masimanyane.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.masimanyane.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media:  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/masimanyane\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/masimanyane<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00a0<strong>RDSP Rural Development Support Programme (NCape)<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Rural Development Support Program (RDSP is a registered Non-Profit Organisation and Public Benefit Organisation based in Cape Town, South Africa, with a satellite office in Bhisho in the Eastern Cape. Our work supports the protection of human rights, with an emphasis on the rights of women, poverty alleviation equality and the prevention of Gender Based Violence. As one of the few experienced NGOs solely working directly with and in rural communities, RDSP has pioneered, tested and refined a range of support services designed with empathy and promoting community participation, to contribute to the strengthening of rural infrastructure and so address human rights and gender issues.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/rdsp.co.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"http:\/\/rdsp.co.za (opens in a new tab)\">http:\/\/rdsp.co.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media:  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RuralDevZA\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/RuralDevZA<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color has-luminous-vivid-orange-color\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u00a0SAFFI<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The South African Faith and Family Institute (SAFFI) recognizes that religion plays an integral part both in the continuation of Violence against Women and in its eradication. Thus SAFFI\u2019s main objective is to strengthen the capacity of religious leaders and faith communities in addressing issues of gender based violence in our communities and becoming a positive catalyst for change. Through its work, SAFFI encourages the faith sector to work closely with existing Domestic Violence service providers and the justice system in providing collaborative community based initiatives. The intention is that faith leaders are encouraged to dispel any misinterpretation of scriptures and promote sound contextualized faith resources.\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/saffi.org.za\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"http:\/\/saffi.org.za (opens in a new tab)\">http:\/\/saffi.org.za<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social Media: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/South-African-Faith-and-Family-Institute-SAFFI-206425089395008\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/South-African-Faith-and-Family-Institute-SAFFI-206425089395008 (opens in a new tab)\">https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/South-African-Faith-and-Family-Institute-SAFFI-206425089395008<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sonke Gender Justice: Sonke is a South African-based non-profit organisation working throughout Africa. They believe women and men, girls and boys can work together to resist patriarchy, advocate for gender justice and achieve gender transformation.\u00a0 Website: https:\/\/genderjustice.org.za Social Media: https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SonkeGenderJusticeNGO SoulCity: Using a combination of media, social mobilisation and advocacy, Soul City aims to improve&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7725,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[130],"tags":[191,146],"class_list":["post-7724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech2endgbv","tag-2019-16daysofactivism","tag-advocacy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7724","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7724"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7724\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7724"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7724"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.phambano.org.za\/staging\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7724"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}